![]() The duration is influenced by the intensity of the rainfall or other triggering factors. Some floods may be short-lived, lasting only a few hours or days, while others can persist for weeks or even months. The duration of a flood event can vary significantly. It can also be defined as the time duration through which the flood lasted. Usually this is difficult to be defined for floods as the recede very slowly and does not vanish completely, rather the flood water moves from one area to another. They can affect localized areas, such as a neighborhood or a river basin, or they can extend across multiple cities or even entire countries.ĭuration of the event means the time span between the start and end of the flooding or the event that caused the flood. ![]() Floods can occur in specific areas or over large geographical regions. ![]() While riverine floods can affect many a cities on its way. The extent of the area covered by the flood can be small for example in the case of flash floods, it affects only a village, town or a city. These characteristics enable us to categorize the flooding events. They occur in areas that are in geographical proximity to water bodies, where prolonged rainfall occur or in areas with poor drainage system. Spatial occurrence refers to the area and the extent of the area affected by the flood. Storm surge during a tropical cyclone causing coastal flooding. Snowmelt from a rapid thaw leading to flooding in mountainous regions. Heavy rainfall causing a sudden increase in river water levels and subsequent flooding. The specific triggering factor determines the nature and intensity of the flood event. Floods can be triggered by various factors, including heavy rainfall, snowmelt, dam failure, storm surges, or a combination of these. Similarly, lack of permeable surface and high ground water table in a region can also trigger a flood. Tidal surges due to attraction forces of sun and moon can also cause localized flooding on sea costs. In summer season, high average temperature can result in increased melting of the snow hence, high discharge downstream. Sometime it is prolonged rainfall that causes floods, sometime torrential rains or storms cause flooding situation. Simply, these characteristics can be translated as what, when, where, why, how, how much and who.įloods can be triggered by different natural and anthropogenic phenomena. These characteristics can help in categorization of different types and levels of floods as well as it enables us to compare different hazards with each other. Flood can be characterized by the following attributes:
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